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Basic functions of management

Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing, leading/directing, and controlling/monitoring.
Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future (today, next week, next month, next year, over the next 5 years, etc.) and generating plans for action.
Organizing: (Implementation) making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans.
Staffing: Job Analyzing, recruitment, and hiring individuals for appropriate jobs Read more »

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Company Christmas Party Ideas

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Karachi stock market remains in the negative zone

Karachi stock market continued to be in the negative zone in the wake of unabated selling pressure on the second trading session of the week Tuesday.

It was spurred by security concerns in the country specially spate of suicide bombings in different parts of the country during the last few days, dealers said.

Analysts said the benchmark KSE-100 index started on a negative note shedding initially 18 points closing eventually with a substantial loss by the end of the session. Like previous sessions daily volumes continue to thin following uncertainty over NRO issue deterring investors from taking active part in the trading activities.

The Karachi Stock Exchange KSE-100 share index shed 148.96 points or 1.66 percent to close at 8,843.96 points compared to previous session’s 8,992.92 points. The KSE-30 share index closed at 9,277.79 points with a loss of 162.26 points. The KMI-30 index closed at 12,964.69 points with a loss of 210.95 points. The KSE-100 all share index closed at 6291.60 points shedding 104.62 points.

The market turnover went down by 36.10 percent and traded 99.03 million shares as compared to previous session’s 72.76 million shares. The overall market capitalisation was down by 1.61 percent and traded Rs 2.561 trillion compared to 2.603 trillion of previous session. Out of total 381 companies, 101 closed in the positive zone, 275 in negative while 5 remained unchanged. Furqan Punjani, analyst at Topline Sec said equity bazaar followed current bearish momentum with dried volumes as worsening law and order situation coupled with political uncertainty over NRO issue blocked investors to enter into market.

Ahsan Mehanti, senior analyst at Shahzad Chamdia Sec said continuing fall in Dubai financial markets, pressure on rupee stability in the interbank market for oil payments, limited foreign interest and fall in international prices near to $74 per barrel played a catalyst role in negative activity at KSE.

Trading activity was better as compared to the last trading session as the ready market volume stands at 99.036 million as compared to last trading session 72.763 milllion. Future market volume however stands at 0.881 million shares as compared to 0.366 million shares last trading session. Husnein Asghar Ali, analyst at Aziz Fida Husein and Co said high sensitivity of the local bourses towards various law and order and political issues, mainly due to shallowness, was quite prominent, below par stocks continued to lead the volume.

Pak PTA Ltd was the volume leader in share market with 12.48 million shares as it closed at Rs 6.99 after opening at Rs 7.35 shedding paisas 36. staff report

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AdSense Tricks: How to Increase CTR

If somehow, you manage to triple your CTR just by tweaking the Google AdSense code, that equals three times boost in your traffic. Here are a few tips for increasing your CTR.

What Google AdSense Engineers say:

- An email conversation with a Google Engineer:

“Due to the dynamic nature of Google AdSense, fluctuations in your revenue will occur. Your earnings will depend on a number of factors, including the types of ads being served to your pages, the cost per click or cost per impression of these ads, and your users’ click through selections. Regarding ad placement – the best ad format varies from page to page. We’ve observed that, in general, wider ads perform better because of their reader-friendly format. We strongly recommend putting your users first when deciding on ad placement. Think about their behavior on different pages, and what will be most useful and visible to them. You’ll find that the most optimal ad position isn’t always what you expect on certain pages.”

- Google Optimization Guide:

For example, on pages where users are typically focused on reading an article, ads placed directly below the end of the article tends to perform better. It’s almost as if users finish reading and asking themselves, “What can I do next?” Precisely targeted ads are just like answering their questions.
https://www.google.com/support/adsense/bin/static.py?page=tips.html

What Webmasters have concluded

Webmasters have very diverse views on how to increase CTR. It largely depends upon the keywords you are targeting, looks of your website, the quality of its content, placement of AdSense ads, page optimization and various other factors. Generally, AdSense blocks wrapped between the quality content works the best. For the websites having poor quality content, placing the Ads before the start of the content works best.

If you develop a poor quality content website, it will likely give you high CTR and clicks, but you will be getting low priced ads and also nobody will like to add your url to their favorites. But if you have quality content, that keeps the visitors glued, you may get low CTR, but you will be getting high priced ads and regular visitors, too.

Proper positioning of ads on your website has direct impact on your CTR. Change the location of the ads and watch changes in your CTR regularly. Try to locate the area of the page where the focus of the visitor can be. Generally, AdSense ads near the quality content or other crucial areas like navigation bar tend to perform better. But it really depends upon the keywords you are targeting, and the traffic you have. As the Google engineers say, more user friendly ads, more widespread tend to do better than towers and others.

The Traffic

AdSense comes after traffic. No traffic, no AdSense. Take a great care of your traffic. Your visitors expect some valuable information from you. Make sure you are providing quality content to them. This will increase your visitors’ return back ratio. And only those visitors will return who are more targeted to the content you are providing. More targeted users mean more CTR. 85 percent of my visitors add my website urls in their Favorites, and most of them do return.

Install a Website stats monitoring software and regularly look at your web logs, and get a handle on where your traffic is coming from. Try to establish a pattern or relation between your AdSense stats and your traffic stats, so that if there are any marked deviations you can make a judgment on why there has been an increase/decrease and what (if anything) you can do about it.
This will give you new ideas to develop traffic.

Experiments

Experiment and experiment a lot, till you are satisfied with the tweaks you have done to achieve highest CTR. Track your page performance by making channels of ads in your AdSense Control Panel and experiment till you are satisfied with your CTR. Though, each such experiment will make you loose money for a day or two, as Google may take time to adjust with new changes, but it will be beneficial in long run.

KeywordCountry

 (http://www.keywordcountry.com) helps AdSense webmasters in increasing their AdSense revenue. KeywordCountry is a library of 2.83 million Top paying keywords containing thousands of niche keywords. For more tips and tricks on AdSense, subscribe to KeywordCountry.com.

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FACOTRS THAT EFFECT ADSENSE INCOME

Today we are going to look at the factors that affect how much money you will get from Google if you sign up (and are accepted for) the AdSense program, paying detailed attention to those areas that are controllable – because many aren’t.

Your earning is generated for you when someone clicks on an AdSense ad on your site. Google charges the advertiser for the click through and shares this revenue with you.

Basically, your profit is based on the formula below:

Earning = Traffic X Conversion X Pay Per Click



1. Traffic
This is the most important factor of Adsense publishing business. Traffic is everything on the internet. Without traffic, it means nothing. Your first target is to build the site which can generate traffic. Based on this concept, you need to keep building a lot of web pages to maximize the profits.

2. Conversion
Higher conversion means more visitors click the ads. Without changes in the traffic volume, you can boost your earnings by changing the template or ad structure which can help you increase the conversion ratio.

3. Pay Per Click
This is how much the advertisers are willing to pay for the ads and Google allocates a certain percentage of profits to you. You can build web pages which are optimized by high paying  eywords. However, without traffic, your earning is still zero.

There are 3 elements which will determine the success level of the earning factors mentioned above:

1. Keyword Research
Study the keywords people are searchingfor and advertisers are looking for in search engines todetermine profitable keywords which will draw maximum traffic from that niche.

2. Website Building
Build up the content, template and structure of the website in order to generate more traffic, achieve a higher conversion rate and get listed faster.

3. SEO
Promote your website to search engines faster and gethigher ranking which will result in an  ncrease in traffic

This is what internet marketers fight hardest over. No traffic means no clicks means no income. So you have to maximise the number of people visiting your site.

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